Gas turbine engine airfoil trailing edge suction side cooling

ABSTRACT

An airfoil for a gas turbine engine includes an outer airfoil wall that provides an exterior surface and multiple radially extending cooling passages. The exterior surface provides pressure and suctions sides joined by leading and trailing edges. The cooling passages include a supply passage arranged upstream from and in fluid communication with a trailing edge passage. A cooling hole extends through the outer airfoil wall from the supply passage to the exterior surface on the suction side.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No.14/892,713, filed Nov. 20, 2015, which is a United States National Phaseof PCT/US2014/035419 filed Apr. 25, 2014, which claims priority to U.S.Provisional Application No. 61/830,847, which was filed on Jun. 4, 2013and is incorporated herein by reference.

BACKGROUND

This disclosure relates to a gas turbine engine, and more particularlyto an airfoil with a suction side cooling hole that may be incorporatedinto a gas turbine engine.

Gas turbine engines typically include a compressor section, a combustorsection and a turbine section. During operation, air is pressurized inthe compressor section and is mixed with fuel and burned in thecombustor section to generate hot combustion gases. The hot combustiongases are communicated through the turbine section, which extractsenergy from the hot combustion gases to power the compressor section andother gas turbine engine loads.

Both the compressor and turbine sections may include alternating seriesof rotating blades and stationary vanes that extend into the core flowpath of the gas turbine engine. For example, in the turbine section,turbine blades rotate and extract energy from the hot combustion gasesthat are communicated along the core flow path of the gas turbineengine. The turbine vanes, which generally do not rotate, guide theairflow and prepare it for the next set of blades.

In turbine vane design, there is an emphasis on stress-resistant airfoiland platform designs, with reduced losses, increased lift and turningefficiency, and improved turbine performance and service life. Theairfoils include cooling features, such as film cooling holes that aresupplied cooling fluid through cooling passages. The cooling passagesare intended to protect the airfoil from the hot combustion gases.

SUMMARY

In one exemplary embodiment, an airfoil for a gas turbine engineincludes an outer airfoil wall that provides an exterior surface andmultiple radially extending cooling passages. The exterior surfaceprovides pressure and suctions sides joined by leading and trailingedges. The cooling passages include a supply passage arranged upstreamfrom and in fluid communication with a trailing edge passage. A coolinghole extends through the outer airfoil wall from the supply passage tothe exterior surface on the suction side.

In a further embodiment of any of the above, the trailing edge passageis provided by substantially parallel surfaces and includes a trailingedge cooling opening at the trailing edge.

In a further embodiment of any of the above, the surfaces areinterconnected to one another in a thickness direction by structure.

In a further embodiment of any of the above, the cooling passageincludes first, second and third cooling passages progressively aftwardof one another. The supply passage is provided by the third coolingpassage.

In a further embodiment of any of the above, the airfoil is a fixedvane. The second passage includes a baffle. The cooling hole is arrangeddownstream from the baffle.

In a further embodiment of any of the above, the cooling hole includesan exit in the exterior surface. The exit forward of the trailing edgepassage is in a chordwise direction.

In a further embodiment of any of the above, the cooling hole includesan exit in the exterior surface. The exit overlaps the trailing edgepassage in a chordwise direction.

In a further embodiment of any of the above, the cooling hole is in thelast quarter of the airfoil in a chordwise direction.

In another exemplary embodiment, a turbine section for a gas turbineengine includes an array of fixed vanes. An array of rotatable blades isdownstream from the fixed vane array. At least one of the fixed vanesand rotatable blades include an airfoil having an outer airfoil wallthat provides an exterior surface and multiple radially extendingcooling passages. The exterior surface provides pressure and suctionssides joined by leading and trailing edges. The cooling passages includea supply passage arranged upstream from and in fluid communication witha trailing edge passage. A cooling hole extends through the outerairfoil wall from the supply passage to the exterior surface on thesuction side.

In a further embodiment of any of the above, the trailing edge passageis provided by substantially parallel surfaces and includes a trailingedge cooling opening at the trailing edge.

In a further embodiment of any of the above, the surfaces areinterconnected to one another in a thickness direction by structure.

In a further embodiment of any of the above, the cooling passageincludes first, second and third cooling passages progressively aftwardof one another. The supply passage is provided by the third coolingpassage.

In a further embodiment of any of the above, the second passage includesa baffle. The cooling hole is arranged downstream from the baffle.

In a further embodiment of any of the above, the cooling hole includesan exit in the exterior surface. The exit is forward of the trailingedge passage in a chordwise direction.

In a further embodiment of any of the above, the cooling hole includesan exit in the exterior surface. The exit overlaps the trailing edgepassage in a chordwise direction.

In a further embodiment of any of the above, the cooling hole is in thelast quarter of the airfoil in a chordwise direction.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The disclosure can be further understood by reference to the followingdetailed description when considered in connection with the accompanyingdrawings wherein:

FIG. 1 schematically illustrates a gas turbine engine embodiment.

FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view through a high pressure turbinesection.

FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of an airfoil taken along line 3-3 ofFIG. 2.

FIG. 4 is an enlarged view of a trailing edge portion of the airfoilshown in FIG. 3.

FIG. 5 is a side view of the trailing edge portion of the airfoil shownin FIGS. 4 and 5.

FIG. 6 is an enlarged view of another trailing edge portion of anairfoil.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

FIG. 1 schematically illustrates an example gas turbine engine 20 thatincludes a fan section 22, a compressor section 24, a combustor section26 and a turbine section 28. Alternative engines might include anaugmenter section (not shown) among other systems or features. The fansection 22 drives air along a bypass flow path B while the compressorsection 24 draws air in along a core flow path C where air is compressedand communicated to a combustor section 26. In the combustor section 26,air is mixed with fuel and ignited to generate a high pressure exhaustgas stream that expands through the turbine section 28 where energy isextracted and utilized to drive the fan section 22 and the compressorsection 24.

Although the disclosed non-limiting embodiment depicts a turbofan gasturbine engine, it should be understood that the concepts describedherein are not limited to use with turbofans as the teachings may beapplied to other types of turbine engines; for example a turbine engineincluding a three-spool architecture in which three spoolsconcentrically rotate about a common axis and where a low spool enablesa low pressure turbine to drive a fan via a gearbox, an intermediatespool that enables an intermediate pressure turbine to drive a firstcompressor of the compressor section, and a high spool that enables ahigh pressure turbine to drive a high pressure compressor of thecompressor section.

The example engine 20 generally includes a low speed spool 30 and a highspeed spool 32 mounted for rotation about an engine central longitudinalaxis X relative to an engine static structure 36 via several bearingsystems 38. It should be understood that various bearing systems 38 atvarious locations may alternatively or additionally be provided.

The low speed spool 30 generally includes an inner shaft 40 thatconnects a fan 42 and a low pressure (or first) compressor section 44 toa low pressure (or first) turbine section 46. The inner shaft 40 drivesthe fan 42 through a speed change device, such as a geared architecture48, to drive the fan 42 at a lower speed than the low speed spool 30.The high-speed spool 32 includes an outer shaft 50 that interconnects ahigh pressure (or second) compressor section 52 and a high pressure (orsecond) turbine section 54. The inner shaft 40 and the outer shaft 50are concentric and rotate via the bearing systems 38 about the enginecentral longitudinal axis X.

A combustor 56 is arranged between the high pressure compressor 52 andthe high pressure turbine 54. In one example, the high pressure turbine54 includes at least two stages to provide a double stage high pressureturbine 54. In another example, the high pressure turbine 54 includesonly a single stage. As used herein, a “high pressure” compressor orturbine experiences a higher pressure than a corresponding “lowpressure” compressor or turbine.

The example low pressure turbine 46 has a pressure ratio that is greaterthan about 5. The pressure ratio of the example low pressure turbine 46is measured prior to an inlet of the low pressure turbine 46 as relatedto the pressure measured at the outlet of the low pressure turbine 46prior to an exhaust nozzle.

A mid-turbine frame 57 of the engine static structure 36 is arrangedgenerally between the high pressure turbine 54 and the low pressureturbine 46. The mid-turbine frame 57 further supports bearing systems 38in the turbine section 28 as well as setting airflow entering the lowpressure turbine 46.

The core airflow C is compressed by the low pressure compressor 44 thenby the high pressure compressor 52 mixed with fuel and ignited in thecombustor 56 to produce high speed exhaust gases that are then expandedthrough the high pressure turbine 54 and low pressure turbine 46. Themid-turbine frame 57 includes vanes 59, which are in the core airflowpath and function as an inlet guide vane for the low pressure turbine46. Utilizing the vane 59 of the mid-turbine frame 57 as the inlet guidevane for low pressure turbine 46 decreases the length of the lowpressure turbine 46 without increasing the axial length of themid-turbine frame 57. Reducing or eliminating the number of vanes in thelow pressure turbine 46 shortens the axial length of the turbine section28. Thus, the compactness of the gas turbine engine 20 is increased anda higher power density may be achieved.

The disclosed gas turbine engine 20 in one example is a high-bypassgeared aircraft engine. In a further example, the gas turbine engine 20includes a bypass ratio greater than about six (6), with an exampleembodiment being greater than about ten (10). The example gearedarchitecture 48 is an epicyclical gear train, such as a planetary gearsystem, star gear system or other known gear system, with a gearreduction ratio of greater than about 2.3.

In one disclosed embodiment, the gas turbine engine 20 includes a bypassratio greater than about ten (10:1) and the fan diameter issignificantly larger than an outer diameter of the low pressurecompressor 44. It should be understood, however, that the aboveparameters are only exemplary of one embodiment of a gas turbine engineincluding a geared architecture and that the present disclosure isapplicable to other gas turbine engines.

A significant amount of thrust is provided by the bypass flow B due tothe high bypass ratio. The fan section 22 of the engine 20 is designedfor a particular flight condition—typically cruise at about 0.8 Mach andabout 35,000 feet. The flight condition of 0.8 Mach and 35,000 ft., withthe engine at its best fuel consumption—also known as “bucket cruiseThrust Specific Fuel Consumption (‘TSFC’)”—is the industry standardparameter of pound-mass (lbm) of fuel per hour being burned divided bypound-force (lbf) of thrust the engine produces at that minimum point.

“Low fan pressure ratio” is the pressure ratio across the fan bladealone, without a Fan Exit Guide Vane (“FEGV”) system. The low fanpressure ratio as disclosed herein according to one non-limitingembodiment is less than about 1.50. In another non-limiting embodimentthe low fan pressure ratio is less than about 1.45.

“Low corrected fan tip speed” is the actual fan tip speed in ft/secdivided by an industry standard temperature correction of [(Tram °R)/518.7]^(0.5). The “Low corrected fan tip speed”, as disclosed hereinaccording to one non-limiting embodiment, is less than about 1150ft/second.

Referring to FIG. 2, a cross-sectional view through a high pressureturbine section 54 is illustrated. In the example high pressure turbinesection 54, first and second arrays 54 a, 54 c of circumferentiallyspaced fixed vanes 60, 62 are axially spaced apart from one another. Afirst stage array 54 b of circumferentially spaced turbine blades 64,mounted to a rotor disk 68, is arranged axially between the first andsecond fixed vane arrays 54 a, 54 c. A second stage array 54 d ofcircumferentially spaced turbine blades 66 is arranged aft of the secondarray 54 c of fixed vanes 62.

The turbine blades each include a tip adjacent to a blade outer air seal70 of a case structure 72. The first and second stage arrays 54 a, 54 cof turbine vanes and first and second stage arrays 54 b, 54 d of turbineblades are arranged within a core flow path C and are operativelyconnected to a spool 32.

Each vane 60 includes an inner platform and an outer platformrespectively defining inner and outer flow paths. The platforms areinterconnected by an airfoil 80 extending in a radial direction R. Itshould be understood that the turbine vanes may be discrete from oneanother or arranged in integrated clusters. The airfoil 80 providesleading and trailing edges 82, 84, as shown in FIG. 3.

In the example, the airfoil 80 is a stator vane. However, it should beunderstood that the airfoil may be used in a blade. Moreover, theairfoil 80 may be used in the compressor section 24 as well as theturbine section 28.

With continuing reference to FIG. 3, the airfoil 80 is provided betweenpressure (generally concave) and suction (generally convex) sides 86, 88in an airfoil thickness direction T, which is generally perpendicular toa chord-wise direction H provided between the leading and trailing edges82, 84. Multiple turbine vanes 60 are arranged circumferentially in acircumferential direction.

In one example, the turbine vanes 60 are constructed from a highstrength, heat resistant material such as a nickel-based or cobalt-basedsuperalloy, or of a high temperature, stress resistant ceramic orcomposite material. In cooled configurations, internal fluid passagesand external cooling apertures provide for a combination of impingementand film cooling. Other cooling approaches may be used such as tripstrips, pedestals or other convective cooling techniques. In addition,one or more thermal barrier coatings, abrasion-resistant coatings orother protective coatings may be applied to the turbine vane 60.

Film cooling holes may be provided in the airfoil 80 to communicatecooling fluid from the cooling passages to an exterior surface 90 of theairfoil 80. Film cooling flow F flows from a film cooling holes (someare not shown for clarity) to create a boundary layer of cooling fluidthat protects the exterior surface 90 from hot gases within the gas flowpath.

In the example airfoil 80, first, second, third and trailing edgecooling passages 92, 94, 96, 98 are provided within the airfoil 80. Thepassages 92, 94, 96, 98 extend radially and are fluidly connected to oneanother in the chord-wise direction H. The third passage 96 acts as asupply passage for the trailing edge cooling passage 98. The exteriorsurface 90 is provided by an outer airfoil wall 91. In the example,first and second walls 100, 102 extends internally between the outerairfoil wall 91 to provide the first, second and third cooling passages92, 94, 96.

The airfoil 80 includes first and second baffles 104, 106, and includemultiple cooling holes (not shown) to provide impingement cooling on theinternal surfaces of the cooling passages. The first baffle 104 isspaced from the inner surface of the first cooling passage 92 by a firstrib 108, which may be provided by multiple bumps extending inwardly fromthe outer airfoil wall 91. The second baffle 106 is spaced apart fromthe inner surface of the second cooling passage 94 by the second wall102 and a second rib 110. In the example, the third cooling passage 96includes third ribs 112. The ribs 108, 110, 112 are spaced apart fromone another in the radial direction R, permitting fluid flow in thechord-wise direction. The trailing edge cooling passage 98 is arrangeddownstream from both the first and second baffles 104, 106.

Referring to FIGS. 3 and 4, the trailing edge cooling passage 98 isarranged downstream from the third cooling passage 96. The trailing edgecooling passage 98 includes first and second surfaces 116, 118 that aresubstantially parallel to one another and spaced apart from one anothera width 114, which in one example is about 0.015 inch (0.381 mm). In theexample, the ribs 112 join the first and second surfaces 116, 118 andprovide a trailing edge exit 122 at the trailing edge 84. However, itshould be understood that other structure, such as pedestals, may beused additionally or alternatively.

The third cooling passage 96 is downstream from the first and secondbaffles 104, 106. A trailing edge suctions side cooling hole 124 isprovided in the outer airfoil wall and communicates the film coolingflow from an inlet 126 in the third cooling passage 96 to an exit 128provided in the exterior surface 90. The inlet 126 is arranged fluidlydownstream from the first and second baffles 104, 106 and upstream fromthe trailing edge cooling passage 98. In this location, the inlet 126receives unobstructed flow of fluid, providing sufficient flow to theexit 128. The exit 128 is arranged forward of the trailing edge passage98 in the chordwise direction H and in the aft quarter of the airfoil.

Referring to FIG. 5, the airfoil 180 includes radially spaced pedestals120. The exit 128 is arranged downstream from the trailing edge coolingpassage 98. The inlet 126 is arranged in overlapping relationship withthe third ribs 112 in the chordwise direction H. In one example, theinlet 126 is between the third ribs 112 in the radial direction R andupstream from the trailing edge cooling passage.

Another example cooling configuration is shown in FIG. 6. The trailingedge suction side cooling hole 224 includes an inlet 226 arranged influid communication with a cooling passage 196 arranged upstream fromthe trailing edge cooling passage 198 and the ribs 2122. The exit 228 ofthe trailing edge suction side cooling hole 224 overlaps the trailingedge cooling passage 198 downstream from the cooling passage 196 in thechordwise direction. In the example, the rib 212 generally does notextend outside of the trailing edge cooling passage 198. The exit 228may be offset from or aligned with the ribs 212 in the radial direction.

Although an example embodiment has been disclosed, a worker of ordinaryskill in this art would recognize that certain modifications would comewithin the scope of the claims. For example, it should be understoodthat the numbers of and various geometries relating to the baffles andribs may be different that disclosed and still fall within the scope ofthe claims. For that reason, the following claims should be studied todetermine their true scope and content.

What is claimed is:
 1. An airfoil for a gas turbine engine comprising:an outer airfoil wall providing an exterior surface and multipleradially extending cooling passages, the exterior surface providespressure and suctions sides joined by leading and trailing edges, thecooling passages include a supply passage for a trailing edge passage,the supply passage being arranged upstream from and in fluidcommunication with the trailing edge passage, a cooling hole extendingthrough the outer airfoil wall from the supply passage to the exteriorsurface on the suction side; and wherein the cooling passages includefirst, second and third cooling passages are arranged progressivelyaftward of one another wherein the second cooling passage is arrangedaftward of the first cooling passage, and the third cooling passage isarranged aftward of the second cooling passage, the supply passage isprovided by the third cooling passage, and wherein the second passageincludes a baffle, the cooling hole is arranged downstream from thebaffle with respect to a chordwise direction provided between theleading and trailing edges, an end of the baffle arranged in the supplypassage.
 2. The airfoil according to claim 1, wherein the baffle isspaced apart from an inner surface of the second cooling passage by arib.
 3. The airfoil according to claim 1, wherein the trailing edgepassage includes first and second surfaces that are interconnected toone another in a thickness direction by a structure, the thicknessdirection perpendicular to the chordwise direction, wherein thestructure is provided by radially spaced apart trailing edge ribs thateach extend longitudinally in the chordwise direction, the radiallyspaced apart trailing edge ribs are configured to permit fluid flow inthe chord-wise direction.
 4. The airfoil according to claim 1, whereinthe first cooling passage includes a second baffle.
 5. The airfoilaccording to claim 4, wherein the baffle is spaced apart from an innersurface of the second cooling passage by a rib, and the second baffle isspaced apart from an inner surface of the first cooling passage by asecond rib.
 6. The airfoil according to claim 1, wherein the trailingedge passage is provided by interiorly facing surfaces and includes atrailing edge cooling opening at the trailing edge.
 7. The airfoilaccording to claim 1, wherein the airfoil is a fixed vane, and thesecond passage includes a baffle, the cooling hole is arrangeddownstream from the baffle.
 8. The airfoil according to claim 1, whereinthe cooling hole includes an exit in the exterior surface, the exitforward of the trailing edge passage in the chordwise direction.
 9. Theairfoil according to claim 1, wherein the cooling hole includes an exitin the exterior surface, the exit overlapping the trailing edge passagein the chordwise direction.
 10. The airfoil according to claim 1,wherein the cooling hole is in the last quarter of the airfoil in achordwise direction.
 11. A turbine section for a gas turbine enginecomprising: an array of fixed vanes; an array of rotatable bladesdownstream from the fixed vane array; and wherein at least one of thefixed vanes and rotatable blades include an airfoil having an outerairfoil wall providing an exterior surface and multiple radiallyextending cooling passages, the exterior surface provides pressure andsuctions sides joined by leading and trailing edges, the coolingpassages include a supply passage for a trailing edge passage, thesupply passage being arranged upstream from and in fluid communicationwith the trailing edge passage, a cooling hole extending through theouter airfoil wall from the supply passage to the exterior surface onthe suction side; and wherein the cooling passages include first, secondand third cooling passages are arranged progressively aftward of oneanother wherein the second cooling passage is arranged aftward of thefirst cooling passage, and the third cooling passage is arranged aftwardof the second cooling passage, the supply passage is provided by thethird cooling passage, and wherein the second passage includes a baffle,the cooling hole is arranged downstream from the baffle with respect toa chordwise direction provided between the leading and trailing edges,an end of the baffle arranged in the supply passage.
 12. The turbinesection according to claim 11, wherein the baffle is spaced apart froman inner surface of the second cooling passage by a rib.
 13. The turbinesection according to claim 11, wherein the trailing edge passageincludes first and second surfaces that are interconnected to oneanother in a thickness direction by a structure, the thickness directionperpendicular to the chordwise direction, wherein the structure isprovided by radially spaced apart trailing edge ribs that each extendlongitudinally in the chordwise direction, the radially spaced aparttrailing edge ribs are configured to permit fluid flow in the chordwisedirection.
 14. The turbine section according to claim 11, wherein thefirst cooling passage includes a second baffle.
 15. The turbine sectionaccording to claim 14, wherein the baffle is spaced apart from an innersurface of the second cooling passage by a rib, and the second baffle isspaced apart from an inner surface of the first cooling passage by asecond rib.
 16. The turbine section according to claim 11, wherein thetrailing edge passage is provided by interiorly facing surfaces andincludes a trailing edge cooling opening at the trailing edge.
 17. Theturbine section according to claim 11, wherein the second passageincludes a baffle, the cooling hole is arranged downstream from thebaffle.
 18. The turbine section according to claim 11, wherein thecooling hole includes an exit in the exterior surface, the exit forwardof the trailing edge passage in the chordwise direction.
 19. The turbinesection according to claim 11, wherein the cooling hole includes an exitin the exterior surface, the exit overlapping the trailing edge passagein the chordwise direction.
 20. The turbine section according to claim11, wherein the cooling hole is in the last quarter of the airfoil in achordwise direction.